For individuals who have lost their arm above the elbow, an above-elbow prosthetic arm (also known as a transhumeral prosthesis) is an essential device for regaining mobility and functionality. This type of prosthesis is designed for those who have undergone an amputation above the elbow joint, and it allows users to perform everyday tasks, from personal care to complex movements.
In this article, we will explain what above-elbow prosthetic arms are, how they work, their key components, and the benefits they provide to individuals who have lost their arm above the elbow.
What Is an Above-Elbow Amputation?
An above-elbow amputation, or transhumeral amputation, refers to the surgical removal of the arm above the elbow joint, typically through the humerus (upper arm bone). This procedure can be necessary for a variety of reasons, including:
- Severe injury or trauma to the arm
- Medical conditions such as cancer or infections
- Complications from poor circulation or diabetes
- Congenital limb differences
After such an amputation, an above-elbow prosthetic arm is often used to restore function and allow individuals to regain independence and mobility.
Components of an Above-Elbow Prosthetic Arm
An above-elbow prosthetic arm has several important parts that work together to allow the user to move, grip objects, and perform a variety of activities.
1. Socket
The socket is the part of the prosthesis that fits around the residual limb, where the arm was amputated. It is custom-designed to ensure a secure and comfortable fit, which is essential for both comfort and proper function. A good socket fit reduces the risk of irritation and discomfort and ensures stability during use.
2. Elbow Unit
The elbow unit allows the prosthetic arm to bend and straighten, simulating the motion of a natural elbow joint. There are different types of elbow units available:
- Manual elbow: A simple, mechanical elbow that requires the user to manually adjust it by either locking or unlocking it, depending on the task at hand.
- Myoelectric elbow: A more advanced type of elbow that uses electrical signals from the user’s residual limb muscles to control the movement of the prosthetic arm.
The type of elbow unit chosen depends on the user’s needs and level of activity.
3. Wrist and Hand Unit
The wrist unit connects the elbow to the hand or functional gripper of the prosthetic. There are different options for prosthetic hands, including:
- Hook hands: Simple, durable hands designed to provide strong gripping capabilities.
- Cosmetic hands: Designed to look like a natural hand, though they might not provide as much gripping strength.
- Myoelectric hands: These hands are powered by the electrical signals from the user’s muscles, allowing for more dexterity and fine motor control.
The wrist unit can also be equipped with various features to make the prosthetic arm more functional, such as a rotating wrist for better control during tasks.
How Does an Above-Elbow Prosthetic Arm Work?
The function of an above-elbow prosthetic arm largely depends on the components mentioned above. Here’s how it generally works:
Movement and Control
Above-elbow prosthesis use either mechanical or myoelectric control systems to allow users to move the prosthetic arm. Mechanical systems typically use a harness and cable system that the user operates with their remaining shoulder muscles. For myoelectric systems, electrical signals from the muscles in the residual limb are detected by sensors that control the movement of the prosthetic arm.
The elbow joint allows the arm to bend and straighten, while the wrist and hand units enable the user to perform gripping and other hand functions.
Suspension System
A suspension system ensures that the prosthetic arm stays in place during movement. The suspension can be achieved through suction, a pin-lock system, or harnesses. The type of suspension system chosen depends on the level of comfort, security, and activity required by the user.
Benefits of Above-Elbow Prosthetic Arms
Above-elbow prosthetic arms provide many advantages for individuals who have undergone a transhumeral amputation. These benefits include:
1. Restored Functionality
The most significant benefit of an above-elbow prosthesis is that it allows users to regain functionality. With the right prosthetic, individuals can carry out various tasks, including eating, dressing, and grooming, with much more ease and independence.
2. Improved Independence
A prosthetic arm can help an individual become more independent by enabling them to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) without assistance. Whether it’s brushing teeth, driving, or cooking, a functional prosthetic arm provides individuals with more autonomy.
3. Customization for Active Lifestyles
Above-elbow prosthesis can be customized to fit the user’s specific needs. For active individuals, prosthetics with advanced features like myoelectric control or robotic hands can help with complex tasks and improve overall mobility.
4. Enhanced Aesthetics
Many prosthetic arms, particularly cosmetic models, are designed to closely resemble a natural arm. This can help boost self-esteem and reduce any feelings of self-consciousness related to the amputation.
5. Increased Confidence
Using an above-elbow prosthetic arm can give individuals the confidence to re-engage in social and professional activities that might have felt difficult without the prosthesis. With improved functionality and control, amputees can feel more confident in their ability to interact with the world.
Choosing the Right Above-Elbow Prosthetic Arm
When choosing an above-elbow prosthetic arm, several factors need to be considered:
- Activity Level: An active individual may require a more advanced prosthetic arm with myoelectric controls or a robotic hand for better dexterity.
- Fit and Comfort: A custom-fit socket and proper alignment of the prosthesis are essential for comfort and functionality.
- Lifestyle Needs: Depending on the tasks an individual wishes to perform, some prosthetic arms may be better suited for specific needs, such as specialized grips for certain activities.
Working with a skilled prosthetist is key to finding the right prosthesis for your needs. They will help with proper fitting, adjustments, and recommendations on materials and features.
Final Thoughts
Getting accustomed to a prosthetic arm often requires time, training, and physical therapy. Gait training, strength exercises, and muscle memory are important parts of adapting to the prosthesis. Working with physical and occupational therapists helps users to learn how to effectively use their new arm, from basic movements to fine motor tasks.
Above-elbow prosthetic arms (transhumeral prosthesis) are designed to help individuals who have lost their arm above the elbow regain functionality and independence. With advanced technology and personalized fitting, these prostheses can provide a better quality of life by allowing users to perform everyday tasks, improve mobility, and gain confidence. Whether through a mechanical or myoelectric control system, above-elbow prosthetic arms are essential tools for many individuals on their journey to recovery.
If you’re in need of an above-elbow prosthetic arm manufacturer, it’s important to work with a provider who offers high-quality, durable, and customized prosthetic solutions to meet your needs.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for general knowledge and educational purposes only. It should not be considered medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Prosthetic solutions vary based on individual needs, medical conditions, and professional recommendations. Always consult with a certified prosthetist, healthcare provider, or medical professional for personalized advice and the best prosthetic options for your specific situation.
